APWH Unit 9.6

Unit 9.6 — Globalized Culture（1900–Present）

Essential Question:
How has globalization changed culture since 1900?

One-glance Review

• Globalization → Increased cultural exchange and interconnectedness

• Modernism → Rejected tradition and reflected uncertainty in the early 1900s

• Consumer Culture → Expanded after WWII, focused on buying and owning goods

• Americanization → Spread U.S. culture globally, sometimes causing resistance

• Social Media → Transformed communication and influence worldwide

• Global pop culture → Includes Bollywood, Anime, K-pop, and reggae

• Global sports → Created shared international experiences (Olympics, World Cup)

Core Ideas

Cultural Globalization and Exchange

• Since 1900, globalization has:

  • increased cultural diffusion

  • connected societies through technology and media

  • created both shared global culture and local resistance

• Culture became:

  • more interconnected

  • more commercialized

  • more digitally influenced

Globalization both spreads culture and transforms it.

KEY TERMS BY THEME

CULTURE: Arts & Ideas

• Modernism

• Consumer Culture

• Popular Culture

CULTURE: Global Influences

• Americanization

• Bollywood

• Anime

• Reggae

• K-pop

TECHNOLOGY / MEDIA

• Social Media

• Streaming Video

• Online Commerce

ECONOMY / GLOBALIZATION

• Global Brands

• Multinational Corporations

CULTURE: Sports

• Olympic Games

• World Cup

• NBA

SOCIETY: Religion

• Hari Krishna

• New Age Religions

• Falun Gong

• Nonbelievers

LEADERS / FIGURES

• Malala Yousafzai

• Albert Einstein

• Sigmund Freud

• Jean-Paul Sartre

1. Political, Social, and Artistic Change

Political Context

• Early 1900s:

  • imperialism caused competition

• World Wars:

  • increased destruction but also cooperation

• Cold War:

  • divided the world ideologically

• Post–Cold War:

  • increased global cooperation

  • organizations like:

    • United Nations

    • WTO

    • EU

Social Change

• Increased interaction between cultures

• Growth of:

  • civil rights movements

  • women’s rights movements

• New ideas challenged traditional beliefs:

  • Albert Einstein → changed understanding of physics

  • Sigmund Freud → explored the human mind

  • Jean-Paul Sartre → questioned meaning and existence

Artistic Change

• Modernism rejected tradition and embraced:

  • experimentation

  • uncertainty

• Examples:

These changes reflected a rapidly industrializing and uncertain world.

2. Global Consumer and Popular Culture

Rise of Mass Media

• New media:

  • radio

  • movies

  • television

• Effects:

  • spread Popular Culture

  • created shared cultural experiences

• Example:

Consumer Culture

• Expanded after World War II

• Focus shifted to:

  • buying goods

  • material wealth

• Advertising became widespread through media

People increasingly defined themselves by what they consumed.

3. Americanization and Cultural Influence

What is Americanization?

• Spread of U.S. culture globally

• Driven by:

  • media

  • corporations

  • technology

Effects

• Positive:

  • global cultural connection

• Negative:

  • loss of local identity

  • resentment toward U.S. dominance (对美国主导地位的不满)

• Criticism:

  • creation of “throwaway culture”

Many societies feared cultural homogenization (文化同质化).

4. Language and Global Communication

Spread of English

• Became global lingua franca (成为全球通用语)

• Reasons:

  • British Empire

  • U.S. influence

• Example:

Effects

• Enabled global business and communication

• Created new variations of English (e.g., Indian English)

5. Global Brands and Commerce

Global Brands

• Examples:

• Driven by:

  • Multinational Corporations

  • globalization

Online Commerce

• Platforms:

• Made shopping:

  • global

  • accessible

Globalization turned consumption into a worldwide system.

6. Global Cultural Exchange

Non-Western Cultural Influence

Global culture is not one-way:

• Bollywood → global film influence

• Anime → Japanese animation spread worldwide

• Reggae → Jamaican music with African + European roots

• K-pop → Korean global music phenomenon

Key Concept

• Culture today is:

  • hybrid (混合的)

  • interconnected (相互关联的)

Global culture is shaped by multiple regions, not just the West.

7. Social Media and Communication

Social Media

• Platforms:

  • Facebook

  • Twitter

  • Snapchat

Effects

• Positive:

  • global communication

  • activism (行动主义)

• Negative:

  • misinformation

  • manipulation (操纵)

Government Control

• Some countries (e.g., China):

  • banned foreign platforms

  • created domestic alternatives:

    • WeChat

    • Weibo

  • censored political content

Social media has both empowered and controlled global communication.

8. Global Culture in Sports

International Sports

• Olympic Games → global unity + nationalism

• World Cup → most popular global event

• NBA → international players and audience

• 奥运会同时体现：

  • nationalism（国家认同）

  • internationalism（国际合作）

Inclusion of Women (纳入女性)

• Women increasingly participated

• Example:

Sports became a global cultural bridge.

9. Global Culture and Religion

Religious Diffusion

• Hari Krishna movement spread to the West

• New Age Religions:

  • blended multiple traditions

Example: China

• [Falun Gong|Falun Gong]:

  • grew rapidly in the 1990s

  • later suppressed by the government

Trends

• Rise of Nonbelievers:

  • especially among young people

• Religion remains important globally

Globalization reshaped both religious practice and belief.

10. Cause and Effect

Change

• Culture became globalized

• Media connected people worldwide

• New cultural forms spread rapidly

• Consumer culture expanded

• Sports and entertainment became global

Continuity

• Cultural resistance persisted

• Governments censored information

• Inequality in access to globalization remained

• Local identities remained important

Exam-ready Phrases and Sentences

• Spread global popular culture

• Promote cultural exchange

• Accelerate globalization through technology

• Influence consumer behavior

• Create shared global experiences

• Resist cultural homogenization

• Expand digital communication

• Blend cultural traditions

• Globalization increased cultural interconnectedness while also provoking resistance.

• Consumer Culture expanded significantly after World War II.

• Americanization spread U.S. cultural influence worldwide.

• Social media transformed communication but also enabled censorship and manipulation.

• Global culture reflects both Western dominance and non-Western contributions.

LEQ / DBQ 使用思路

可用论点（Thesis Ideas）

• Since 1900, globalization transformed culture through media, technology, and commerce, creating shared global experiences while also provoking resistance and preserving local identities.

• While global communication and consumer culture expanded rapidly, many societies resisted cultural homogenization and maintained distinct traditions.

• Cultural globalization increased interconnectedness and exchange, but its effects remained uneven and sometimes controversial.

相关笔记

APWH Unit 9.7